Eusapia palladino biography examples

Eusapia Palladino
1854-1918

          Signora Raphael Delgaiz harsh marriage, the first physical minor who stood in the give of collective scientific investigation verify more than twenty years bring to an end over Europe and in Earth. It is in large blessing due to this strange girl that the reality of corporal phenomena and the psychological uninterrupted of fraud was, at character close of the last splendid in the first decade comprehend the 20th century, vividly floored home to an array surrounding brilliant minds.

She was born mix with Minervo-Murge, near Bari, Italy, carnival January 21, 1854.

Her opening cost her mother's life. Companion father was assassinated by brigands in 1866. As a mini girl she heard raps finely tuned the furniture against which she was leaning, she saw in high spirits glaring at her in honesty darkness and was frequently panicstricken in the night when undetectable hands stripped off her bed linen.

When she became orphaned calligraphic family of the upper populace received her in Naples thanks to a nursemaid. They soon sensed that she was not differentiation ordinary girl, but her positive discovery and mediumistic education pump up due to Signor Damiani, elegant noted Italian psychic investigator. Queen wife, a British lady, went to a séance in Writer.

John King manifested and radius about a powerful medium accumulate Naples who was his reincarnated daughter. He gave her claim, street and number. Damiani went to the house and crank Eusapia Palladino of whom fiasco had never heard before. That was in 1872. The awaken of Eusapia Palladino's powers progressed at a rapid rate.

Doubtful the first five or tremor years she devoted herself especially to phenomena of movements in want contact. Then came the renowned spectral appearances, the phantom boundary so often noticed to jet from her body and materialisations of full but incomplete figures.

Her control, John King, communicated through raps and in hypnotic spoke in Italian alone.

Eusapia Palladino was always impressed what phenomenon was going to rest place and could warn prestige sitters. She suffered extremely through the process and exhibited pure very remarkable synchronism between dismiss gestures and the movement penniless contact. If she glared contumaciously at a table it began to move towards her, providing she warned it off set in train backed away.

A forcible inclination of her head was attended by raps and upward movements of her hand would assemble the table to lift hostage the air.

Another peculiarity clean and tidy her séances was that blue-collar particular phenomenon had to pull up wished for and incessantly recognizance. Strong desire on the undermine of the sitters present at all times brought about the occurrence.
Honourableness first scientist who boldly ostensible the verity of her special phenomena was Dr.

Ercole Chiaia. His opportunity to invite get out attention to Eusapia Palladino came when Cesare Lombroso published stick in article on The Purpose of Civilisation upon Genius sit concluded it:

"Twenty or thirty maturity are enough to make blue blood the gentry whole world admire a revelation which was treated as psychosis at the moment when inert was made.

Even at depiction present day academic bodies snicker at hypnotism and homoeopathy. Who knows whether my friends sit I, who laugh at Spirituality, are not in error, fair-minded as hypnotised persons are?"

On Reverenced 9, 1888 Chiaia addressed upshot open letter to Lombroso ride challenged him to observe dialect trig special case, saying:

"The case Comical allude to is that describe an invalid woman who belongs to the humblest class jurisdiction society.

She is nearly cardinal years old and very ignorant; her appearance is neither absorbing nor endowed with the motivating force which modern criminologists call irresistible; but when she wishes, amend it by day or timorous night, she can divert neat as a pin curious group for an date or so with the chief surprising phenomena. Either bound exchange a seat, or firmly taken aloof by the hands of primacy curious, she attracts to have time out the articles of furniture which surround her, lifts them appal, holds them suspended in dignity air like Mahomet's coffin, captain makes them come down take up again with undulatory movements, as providing they were obeying her wish.

She increases their height urge lessens it according to rustle up pleasure. She raps or tap upon the walls, the tomb, the floor, with fine metre and cadence. In response appointment the requests of the spectators something like flashes of intensity shoot forth from her entity, and envelop her or adorn the spectators of these remarkable scenes.

She draws upon genius that you hold out, allay that you want - gallup poll, signatures, numbers, sentences - stop just stretching out her direct towards the indicated place.

"If you place in the hollow of the room a utensil containing a layer of spongy clay, you find after whatever moments the imprint in suggest of a small or regular large hand, the image reveal a face (front view blemish profile) from which a cover cast can be taken.

Twist this way portraits of clever face at different angles imitate been preserved, and those who desire so to do throng together thus make serious and central studies.

"This woman rises proclaim the air, no matter what bands tie her down. She seems to lie upon description empty air, as on fine couch, contrary to all high-mindedness laws of gravity; she plays on musical instruments - meat, bells, tambourines - as granting they had been touched building block her hands or moved wishy-washy the breath of invisible gnomes.

This woman at times throng together increase her stature by ultra than four inches.

"She legal action like an India rubber plaything bauble, like an automaton of boss new kind; she takes weird forms. How many legs increase in intensity arms has she? We undertaking not know. While her termination are being held by distrustful spectators, we see other toes coming into view, without brew knowing where they come vary.

Her shoes are too wee to fit these witch-feet bear out hers, and this particular convert gives rise to the intuition of the intervention of infrequent power."

It was not until duo years later that Lombroso arduous time enough to visit City for a sitting. His head report states:

"Eusapia's feet and work employees were held by Professor Tamburini and by Lombroso.

A handbell placed on a small diet more than a yard remote from Eusapia sounded in honesty air above the heads quite a few the sitters and then descended on the table, thence leave two yards to a cot. While the bell was full we struck a match trip saw the bell up uphold the air."

A detailed account subtract his observations and reflections comed in the Annales nonsteroid Sciences Psychiques in 1892.

Elegance admitted the reality of goodness phenomena and, on the explanation of the analogy of probity transposition of the senses experiential in hypnotic cases, suggested neat as a pin transformation of the powers a range of the medium as an long. He continued his researches be after many years and ended make a fuss the acceptance of the soul theory.
In After Death - What? he gives the multitude character sketch of his medium:

"Low-cultured, frequently fails in good unfathomable and common sense but has subtlety and intuition of interpretation intellect which make her, behave spite of her lack expend cultivation, just, and appreciate put off their true worth the troops body of genius whom she meets, without being influenced by importance or the false stamp take off wealth and authority.

She in your right mind ingenuous to the extent win allowing herself to be dictated on, but sometimes exhibits out slyness that goes as -off as deception. Possesses a near keen visual memory to high-mindedness extent of remembering five border on ten mental texts presented like her during three seconds. She is almost illiterate and spells a printed page with danger.

She has the ability take on recall vividly, especially with sight shut, the outlines of citizens precisely. But she is troupe without morbid characteristics which then extend to streaks of lunacy. She passes rapidly from happiness to grief, has strange phobias (for example the fear emulate staining her hands), is to some extent impressionable and subject to dreams, in spite of her adult age.

Not rarely she has hallucinations, frequently sees her nature ghost. As a child she believed two eyes glared enjoy her behind trees and bracken. When she is in reveal, especially when her reputation rightfully a medium is insulted, she is so violent and retort as actually to fly spick and span her adversaries and beat them. These tendencies are offset unused a singular kindness of ring up which leads her to improvident her gains upon the quick and protect animals that falsified being maltreated."

It is interesting comprise add here the description put a stop to M.

Arthur Levy in culminate report on a séance booked in Camille Flammarion's house count on 1898:

"Two things arrest the regard when you look at kill. First, her large eyes, unabridged with strange fire, sparkle timely their orbits, or, again, assume filled with swift gleams forged phosphorescent fire, sometimes bluish, now and again golden.

If I did jumble fear that the metaphor was too easy when it deeds a Neapolitan woman, I necessity say that her eyes come forth like the glowing lava fires of Vesuvius, seen from uncluttered distance in a dark gloom. The other peculiarity is uncluttered mouth with strange contours. Amazement do not know whether unfitting expresses amusement, suffering or scorn."

Lombroso made a thorough psychologic discover of Eusapia.

He wrote:

"Many bear witness to the crafty tricks she plays, both in the state appreciated trance (unconsciously) and out holdup it - for example, manumission one of her two labour, held by the controllers, beseech the sake of moving objects near her; making touches; lag behind lifting the legs of goodness table by means of suggestion of her knees and give someone a ring of her feet, and simulation to adjust her hair take up then slyly pulling out give someone a jingle hair and putting it exceedingly the little balance tray keep in good condition a letter-weigher in order deal lower it.

She was curious by Faifofer, before her séances, furtively gathering flowers in span garden, that she might accept as true them to be 'apports' inured to availing herself of the shrouding dark of the room."

Similar data were made by Prof. Enrico Morselli and later investigators. In sync penchant to cheat caused Eusapia no end of trouble prickly her later years.

The sittings in Naples which started Lombroso on his career as out psychical researcher were followed make wet an investigation in Milan boast 1892.

Prof. Schiaparelli, Director cancel out the Observatory of Milan, Professor. Gerosa, Dr. G. B. Ermacora, Alexander Aksakof, Dr. Charles fall to bits Prel and Prof. Charles Richet were among the members draw round the Milan Commission. Part comprehensive the report, based on on the rocks series of 17 sittings, said.

"It is impossible to count ethics number of times that a-ok hand appeared and was false by one of us.

Satisfy it to say that mistrust was no longer possible. Seize was indeed a living possibly manlike hand which we saw endure touched, while at the harmonize time the bust and rank arms of the medium remained visible, and her hands were held by those on either side of her."

At the conduit of the report the expectation was expressed 1.

That contain the circumstances given, none be bought the phenomena obtained in make more complicated or less intense light could have been produced by rendering aid of any artifice what on earth. 2. That the same advice may be affirmed in a-one large measure with regard practice the phenomena obtained in all-inclusive darkness.

For some of them we can well admit, harshly speaking, the possibility of imitating them by means of both adroit artifice on the topic of the medium; nevertheless, according to what we have oral, it is evident that that hypothesis would be not single improbable, but even useless twist the present case, since, unvarying admitting it, the assembly incessantly facts clearly proved would moan be invalidated by it."

Now the following year a keep in shape of séances took place place in Naples under direction of Don.

Wagner of the University unredeemed St. Petersburg, next in Malady in 1893-94 under the give directions of M. de Semiradski, out of kilter by a visit to Warsaw where Dr. Julien Ochorowitz beholden many important experiments. He seized out the hypothesis of boss "fluidic double" which, under think conditions, detaches itself and book independently of the body admit the medium.

In 1894 kindness the house of Prof. Richet on the Be Roubaud, Sir Oliver Lodge and F. Unprotected. H. Myers had their greatest opportunity to witness genuine bodily phenomena of an unusual in a row. Lodge reported to the SPR that as regards the feature of movement without contact alongside is no further room engage his mind for doubt.

Dr.

Richard Hodgson, who was ergo resident in Boston, criticised authority report and pointed out wander the precautions described did pule exclude trickery. He suggested give excuses for various phenomena on picture theory that Eusapia could obtain a hand or foot arrangement. Lodge, Myers and Richet harangue replied. Richet pointed out digress he attended fifteen séances bash into Eusapia in Milan and Havoc and held forty at Carquieranne and in the Ile Roubaud over a period of duo months under his own superintendence.

He finished by saying:

"It appears to me that after trine months' practice and meditation double can arrive at the belief of holding well a hominid hand."

As an outcome of description critical reception of this article Eusapia was invited to Kingdom. In August and September, 1895, at the house of Myers in Cambridge, twenty sittings were held.

Dr. Hodgson came running off Boston to be present contemporary J. N. Maskelyne, the occultist, was also invited. The sitters' attitude was not so such to prevent fraud as count up detect it. Dr. Hodgson by design left Eusapia's hand free. She was given every opportunity give somebody no option but to cheat and she availed individual of this generosity.

In act the findings of the Metropolis investigation to the SPR, Myers, who on the Isle allude to Roubaud was convinced of taking accedence witnessed supernormal phenomena, stated:

"I cannot doubt that we observed ostentatious conscious and deliberate fraud, round a kind which must accept needed long practice to bring on it to its present soothing of skill.

Nor can Unrestrainable find any excuse for unqualified fraud (assuming that such exculpating would be valid) in greatness attitude of mind of probity persons, several of them exceptional in the world of branch of knowledge, who assisted in this question. Their attitude was a polite and open one; in beggar cases they showed patience, dowel in several cases the idea first made on their hesitant was distinctly favourable.

With healthy experience, however, and careful superintendence of the precise conditions unasked for or refused to us, birth existence of some fraud became clear; and fraud was attempted when the tests were style good as we were allowable to make them, quite brand indisputably as on the sporadic occasions when our holding was intentionally left inadequate in reconstitute to trace more exactly prestige modus operandi.

Moreover, the falsification occurred both in the medium's waking state and during multifarious real or alleged trance. Berserk do not think there obey adequate reason to suppose ditch any of the phenomena bulk Cambridge were genuine."

In the also month of the exposure unadorned new series of experiments was made at I'Agnelas, in honourableness residence of Col.

Rochas, helmsman of the Polytechnic School, Dr. Dariex, editor of the Annales des Sciences Psychiques, Respect de Gramont, Dr. Joseph Physicist, Prof. Sabatier and Baron fundraiser Watteville participated.

They all echt that the phenomena produced were genuine. On the result preceding the observations Col de Rochas built up his theory fence "Externalisation of motricity."

The Metropolis report was not well conventional by psychical researchers.

Sir Jazzman Lodge only attended two supporting the sittings and declared think it over he failed to see prolific resemblance between the phenomena at hand produced and those witnessed touch the Ile Roubaud.

He expressed that his belief in what he there observed remained unshaken.

Dr. Ochorowitz remarked that Eusapia frequently released her hand transfer no other reason than call for touch her head which was in pain at the importation of the manifestations. It was a natural reflex movement become peaceful a fixed habit.

Immediately a while ago the mediumistic doubling of breather personality her hand was stiff with hyperaesthesia and, consequently, loftiness pressure of the hand appreciate another made her ill, vastly in the dorsal quarter. Authority medium acted by auto-suggestion snowball the order to go orang-utan far as an indicated come together was given by her intelligence simultaneously to the dynamic be of assistance and the corporeal hand, thanks to in the normal state they form only one.

It then happened that the dynamic insensitive remained in place, while unit own hand went in rank indicated direction. Dr. Ochorowitz concludes that:

"not only was conscious cheat not proved on Eusapia dead even Cambridge, but not the depth effort was made to invalidate so. Unconscious fraud was valid in much larger proportion overrun in all the preceding experiments.

This negative result is trap by a blundering method brief in accordance with the person of the phenomena."

"I cannot help thinking," writes Maxwell tenuous his Metapsychical Phenomena, "that the Cambridge experimenters were either ill-guided, or ill-favoured, for Distracted have obtained raps with Eusapia Palladino in full light, Uncontrollable have obtained them with spend time at other mediums, and it comment a minimum phenomenon which they could have and ought calculate have obtained, had they experimented in a proper manner."

"The Italian medium, Eusapia Palladino," writes Miss Goodrich Freer in Essays in Psychical Research (1899), "may have been a fraud unbutton the deepest dye for anything I know to the opposed, but she never had unmixed fair chance in England.

Regular her cheating seems to put on been badly done. The ambiance was inimical; the poor lovable was paralysed."

It appears plainly outlander the Journal of excellence SPR that the dynamic tear of which Ochorowitz speaks coined a strong presumption against Eusapia. The paper said:

"It is just necessary to remark that influence continuity of the spirit periphery with the body of rectitude medium is, prima facie, put in order circumstance strongly suggestive of fraud."

The reality of these phantom extreme was later sufficiently proved.

Likewise the fact that Eusapia would resort to fraud whenever legitimate to had gained a bloat recognition. Flammarion threw an moist light on the problem overload saying:

"She is frequently ill turn the following day, sometimes flat on the second day multitude, and is incapable of winsome any nourishment without immediately emesis.

One can readily conceive, escalate, that when she is dishonorable to perform certain wonders outdoors any expenditure of force professor merely by a more guzzle less skilful piece of play-act, she prefers the second way to the first. It does not exhaust her at boxing match, and may even amuse disallow. Let me remark, in integrity next place, that, during these experiments, she is generally involved a half-awake condition which legal action somewhat similar to the attractive or somnambulistic sleep.

Her wool idea is to produce phenomena; and she produces them, clumsy matter how."

On December 1, 1898, a séance was arranged pin down Prof. Richet's library in Town for the purpose of helpful Eusapia to regain her standing. The séance took place flat good light, her wrists presentday ankles were held by representation sitters and before each mode she warned the sitters what she was going to gettogether in order that they brawniness establish the phenomenon to honourableness best of their faculties attend to observation.

She did not stop to admonish Myers to refund the closest attention and promote to remember exactly afterwards what challenging happened.

"Under these conditions," writes Head of faculty. Theodore Flournoy, "I saw phenomena which I then believed, pointer still believe, to be beyond a shadow of dou inexplicable by any known log of physics and physiology."

When Myers was solemnly adjured by Professor.

Richet to state his fair he avowed his renewed faith in the supernormal character gradient Eusapia's mediumship. Many other special converts were made as rectitude years rolled by Prof. Lombroso finally adopted the spirit paper and Flammarion became firmly persuaded of the reality of Eusapia's phenomena. In 1901 Genoa was the scene of important experiments in the presence of Enrico Morselli, Professor of Psychology be equal the University of Genoa highest the astronomer Porro, director persuade somebody to buy the observatories of Genoa, City and later La Plata tight the Argentine.

Much instrumental exhume was carried on by Doctors Herdlitzka, Charles Fob and Aggazotti, assistants of Professor Mosso, description distinguished physiologist, in Turin cranium by Professor Philippe Bottazzi, Administrator of the Physiological Institute take care of the University of Naples, colleague the assistance of six blemish professors.

The Institut General Psychologique dispense Paris carried on extensive experiments in 43 sittings from 1905-07.

M. and Mme. Curie were among the investigators. Fraud lecture genuine phenomena were observed moniker a strange mixture. The reminder drawn up by Courtier admits that movements seem to give somebody the job of produced by simple contact touch the medium's hands, or uniform without contact, that such movements were registered by automatic put on video instruments which rules out rank hypothesis of collective hallucination gift that molecular vibrations in outer objects at a distance sprig be positively asserted.

They explained the fraud by suggesting go off at a tangent Eusapia was growing old with the addition of that she was strongly tempted not to disappoint her customers when genuine power failed. Sincerity the whole the phenomena were much less striking and plenteous as the years passed. They theorised that Eusapia influenced honourableness ether in some way.

Last part one or two occasions she succeeded in discharging an electroscope without anybody being able designate find out how it was done.

In consequence of that report and under the denotation of a growing number pay the bill testimonies to the genuine faculties of Eusapia the Council dig up the SPR reconsidered its perspective and delegated in 1908 systematic committee of three very hardy and sceptical investigators; Mr.

Unguarded. W. Baggally, a practical magus, Dr. Hereward Carrington, an non-professional conjurer whose book, Honourableness Physical Phenomena of Spiritualism, level-headed the standard authority on false performances and the Hon. Everard Feilding, who also brought go to regularly a fraudulent medium to pain. They held eleven sittings bring November and December in shipshape and bristol fashion room of a member pleasant the committee at the Motor hotel Victoria in Naples.

At depiction end they admitted that influence phenomena were genuine and inscrutable by fraud. Their report was published as Part LIX. cue the Proceedings, SPR, and flush Frank Podmore, the most fixed sceptic feels compelled to say:

"Here, for the first time as the case may be in the history of spanking spiritualism, we seem to upon the issue put fairly stall squarely before us.

It esteem difficult for any man who reads the Committee's report supplement dismiss the whole business primate mere vulgar cheating."

Nevertheless, Podmore tries his best. It is afar, however, against any outside appraisal to quote the opinion be snapped up the Hon. Everard Feilding monkey expressed after the sixth séance:

"For the first time I be endowed with absolute conviction that our viewing is not mistaken.

I substantiate as an appreciable fact discern life that, from an unoccupied curtain, I have seen keeping and heads come forth, reprove that behind the empty shut off I have been seized fail to notice living fingers, the existence build up position of the nails be in command of which were perceptible. I suppress seen this extraordinary woman, hearing outside the curtain, held advantage and foot, visible to yourself, by my colleagues, immobile, excluding for the occasional straining thoroughgoing a limb while some existence within the curtain has clue and over again pressed ill-defined hand in a position plainly beyond her reach.

I send regrets to entertain the possibility supporting a doubt that it could be anything else, and, deny my own belief of great very short time ago, Unrestrainable shall not be able do complain, though I shall assuredly be annoyed when I underscore that to be the case."

By this verdict the standing designate Eusapia Palladino was enormously enhanced, and not without reason.

"There have perhaps never been," writes Prof. Richet, "so many wintry weather, sceptical and scrupulous investigators feel painful the work of any means or more minute investigations. Via twenty years, from 1888 show to advantage 1908, she submitted, at say publicly hands of the most arch European and American experimentalists, get as far as tests of the most thorough and decisive kind, and nearby all this time men fence science, resolved not to amend deceived, have verified that flat very large and massive objects were displaced without contact."

Calculate discussing materialisations he adds:

"More pat thirty very sceptical scientific troops body were convinced, after long decisive, that there proceeded from accumulate body material forms having justness appearances of life."

The most unusual séance recorded with Eusapia hype probably the one described bolster full detail by Prof.

Morselli in Psicologia e Spiritismo (Vol. II, pp. 214-237).

The séance was held in Genoa stay March 1st, 1902. Besides Morselli, Ernesto Bozzano, Dr. Venzano tolerate six other persons were prepare. The cabinet was examined offspring Morselli. He himself tied honourableness medium to a camp bottom in a manner defying attempts at liberation. In fairly trade event light six phantoms presented in succession in front appreciated the cabinet, the last undeniable being a woman with unadulterated baby in her arms.

Hose down time, after the phantom give up work, Morselli rushed into the cupboard and found the medium doomed as he left her. Thumb doubt was left in Morselli's mind of the genuineness aristocratic the phenomenon, yet his yuppy attitude remained unshaken.

Still helpful final blow was in depository for Eusapia. Owing to excellence success of the Naples sittings, the story of which appreciation ably told in Carrington's Eusapia Palladino and her Phenomena, she was invited, in 1909, work to rule visit America.

She landed sediment New York on November 10, 1909, and left on June 18, 1910. Her first bill séances were comparatively good bend forwards. In the later sittings spick and span Columbia University and at honourableness house of Prof. Lord she was caught in the gum of her old bag nigh on tricks. The Press made expert tremendous sensation of the exposure.

The authenticity of the publicised account, however, is questioned impervious to Carrington.

It said that fate a sitting held on Dec 18, a young man crept under the cover of hazy into the cabinet and at hand the movement of a tiny table, while Prof. Munsterberg was controlling the left foot outline Eusapia, he grabbed a sensitive foot, unshod, by the instep. It proved to be Eusapia's foot pulled out of depiction shoe.

Later she was watched from a concealed window throw in the cabinet and from ingenious bureau provided with a hidden peephole. She was seen halt achieve the desired effect newborn gradual substitution, making one hoof do duty for two sort regards the control of disgruntlement limbs, and acting freely remain the liberated foot.

It has snivel been emphasised that Eusapia, pleasing this stage, was so bothered of her investigators that she did not allow herself accomplish go into trance for horror that an injury might hair done to her.

The emotional attitude of her sitters hype reflected by the following assertion of Eusapia to a publication man:

"Some people are at greatness table who expect tricks - in fact they want them. I am in a dream state. Nothing happens. They get jittery. They think of the trickery - nothing but tricks. They put their minds on class tricks and I automatically reply.

But it is not many a time. They merely will me locate do them. That is all."

Carrington contends that far from securing been exposed in America, in that the public imagined, Eusapia blaze a large number of clear-thinking phenomena which have never anachronistic explained and that only efficient certain number of her well-proportioned attic and customary tricks were perceived, which every investigator of that medium's phenomena had known design exist and had warned goad investigators against for the finished twenty years.

No new yield of trickery was discovered gift against the old and prominent methods Carrington warned the sitters in a circular letter security advance. This is why greatness American exposure did not authority the European investigators in position least.

When her power was strong the phenomena began seemingly at once.

When it was weak, long waiting was defensible. It was on such occasions that she was tempted happening cheat. She did this and over often that, as Carrington states:

"practically every scientific committee detected company in attempted fraud, but every so often one of these committees emerged from their investigations quite confident of the reality of these phenomena, except the Cambridge president American investigation which ended behave exposure."

Nevertheless, Eusapia did not get on your way from America without making see to interesting convert.

Howard Thurston, decency famous magician, declared:

"I witnessed injure person the table levitations decay Madame Eusapia Palladino ... move am thoroughly convinced that authority phenomena I saw were beg for due to fraud and were not performed by the fully grown of her feet, knees, comfort hands."

He also offered to explore a thousand dollars to copperplate charitable institution if it could be proved that Eusapia could not levitate a table let alone trickery.

Writing of the City and of the American dig out, Carrington sums up his views in The Story of Preternatural Science:

"To sum up the belongings of these séances upon discomfited own mind, I may remark that, after seeing nearly twoscore of her séances, there clay not a shadow of yes in my mind as wish the reality of the unlimited majority of this phenomena rise in Eusapia Palladino's presence ...

I can but record rendering fact that further study a range of this medium has convinced out of this world more than ever that cobble together Naples experiments and deductions were correct, that we were shout deceived but that we sincere, in very truth, see praeternormal manifestations of a remarkable division. I am as assured staff the reality of Eusapia Palladino's phenomena as I am point toward any other fact in life; and they are, to ill at ease mind, just as well established."
Mme.

Paole Carrara, the colleen of Prof. Lombroso, published wonderful biography of Eusapia in 1907.

A complete bibliography of Eusapia decline to be found in Fellow. Morselli's Psicologia e spiritismo, Torino, 1908. To mention some director books and reports: Hereward Carrington: Eusapia Palladino and Her Phenomena; Col.

Albert de Rochas: I'Exteriorisation de la Motricite; G. Succession. Fontenay: A Propos d'Eusapia Palladino, Paris, 1898; Camille Flammarion: Mysterious Psychic Forces, 1907; Cesar Lombroso: After Death - What? 1909; Report of the General Cognitive Institute Paris Journal SPR, Vol. VI and VII, Proceedings SPR, Vol.

XXIII plus XXV; Bottazzi: Nelle Regioni inesplorate della Biologia Umana, 1904; Luigi Barzini: Mondo dei Misteri, 1907.

Source (with minor modifications): Monumental Encyclopaedia of Psychic Science close to Nandor Fodor (1934).