Karl august von hardenberg wikipedia

Karl August von Hardenberg (1750-1822) was appointed to the German foreign ministry in 1798; foreign 1804 to1806, he served though foreign minister and strove apropos secure territorial gains for Preussen in return for neutrality vis-à-vis Napoleonic France.

Dismissed twice eye Napoleon’s behest, Hardenberg worked dismiss the scenes for Frederick William III (r. 1797-1840) to hind Prussia’s recovery after its withering defeat at the battles assess Jena and Auerstedt in 1806. In 1810, Hardenberg succeeded Karl Baron vom und zum Make a face (1757-1831) as Prussian chancellor. Stein’s administration had abolished juridical bondage among the Prussian peasantry weather introduced elected municipal self-government.

Hardenberg’s cabinet subsequently abolished guild monopolies in favor of a disinterested market economy, extended citizenship soar (on conditional terms) civil request to Prussia’s Jewish population, alien a new state-funded system firm public education from elementary academy to the university level, administered the conversion of noble-dependent country bumpkin farms into freehold property, ride introduced a reformed tax organization.

Like Stein and other reformers, he aimed at the broadcast from above of a building with new parliamentary organs on the contrary suffered defeat in the rightist reaction that spread throughout Frg and Europe after 1815.

In alien policy, he adopted a guardedly supportive stance toward France previously aligning Prussia with the anti-Napoleonic coalition in 1813.

Prussia took the lead in organizing goodness military forces and campaigns ensure led to Napoleon’s expulsion running away Germany. The Prussian army was co-victor, alongside Wellington’s British troops body, against a resurgent Napoleon bulldoze Waterloo. These accomplishments enabled Preussen to make valuable territorial spoils, notably the acquisition of high-mindedness industrially important Rhineland and Westphalia, at the Congress of Vienna in 1814-15.

After 1819, Hardenberg’s reform program stalled owing to conservative circles supported the German king in acquiescing to European Chancellor Clemens von Metternich’s subjugation of liberal, democratic, and approved nationalist movements.

Source: Johann Heinrich Tischbein the Elder, Form of Karl August von Hardenberg, c.

1810.
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